![]() ![]() Under the influence of Lavrenty Beria, one of Stalin's top henchmen and a fellow Georgian, policies of "Georgianization" (immigration into Abkhazia of Georgians and other ethnic groups under the auspices of the Second Five Year Plan, purges of the Abkhaz Communist Party, attempts to subordinate Abkhaz culture and identity to those of Georgia, the administrative division of the region into northern and southern districts) reduce the Abkhaz percentage of the population in Abkhazia. Soviet authorities respond with arrests and military suppression. Resistance to agricultural collectivization emerges in Abkhazia. Abkhazians, however, for the most part do not participate in anti-Soviet activities.Įthnic Abkhaz constitute less than one-third of the population in Abkhazia (56,000 out of 186,000 total). ![]() The relatively tolerant economic and cultural policies of the Soviet Georgian government come to an end with the attempted insurrection of the "Underground Independence Committee." Amid continuing resistance, Georgian churches are suppressed and forced agricultural collectivization is imposed. Abkhazia is proclaimed an independent Union Republic, but later in the year is subordinated to Georgia. The Bolsheviks impose a naval blockade on independent Georgia and deploy military units to threaten the pro-independence government in Tbilisi.īolshevik forces occupy Georgia, bringing the country back under domination by Moscow. The Abkhaz alphabet is replaced by the Latin alphabet. The Transcaucasian Federation splinters as Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia (May) all declare independence. Most Abkhazians and Ossetes collaborate with Bolshevik Russia in its confrontation with independent Georgia. A Transcaucasian Federation is established under Soviet auspices incorporating Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. A government dominated by Social Democrats takes power in Georgia. Petersburg) and other major urban centers. The Bolsheviks emerge as the de facto rulers of Russia, controlling Moscow, Petrograd (St. Overthrow of the Tsarist regime and later the Provisional Government. Revolutionary agitation occurs in Abkhazia. Following the uprising's suppression, many Abkhaz choose to resettle in Ottoman territory. The Abkhaz revolt when Russian authorities attempt to implement land and tax reform. The Abkhaz alphabet, based on Cyrillic, is created. ![]() Many Abkhaz are forcibly deported from their homeland by Tsarist authorities or choose to resettled in the area of modern-day Turkey and other regions of the Ottoman Empire. Abkhaz are deported from their homeland by Tsarist authorities.Īt the behest of pro-Russian Abkhaz, Abkhazia becomes a Russian protectorate. Under the influence of the Ottomans, many Abkhaz convert to the Sunni Islam faith.įollowing Moscow's annexation of adjacent territories in 1801, Russia's influence in Abkhazia increases. A bloody revolt leads to the slaughter of 60,000 non-Georgians. Large numbers of Georgians are deported from their homeland to Persia, and their land is settled by Azerbaijanis and Ulusses. Most Abkhazians adopt the Eastern Orthodox Christian rite.Ībkhazian tribes and Georgians are united under the kingdom of Abkhazia, a domain which is eventually incorporated into the Georgian kingdom.Ībkhazia falls under Ottoman domination. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Minorities at Risk Project, Chronology for Abkhazians in Georgia, 2004, available at: ![]()
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